Spinal Dysraphism Surgeries

Correcting Congenital Defects, Protecting the Nervous System

Spinal dysraphism is a group of congenital conditions where the spinal cord, vertebrae, or skin fail to form properly during early development. These defects—such as spina bifida—can lead to neurological problems, weakness, or even paralysis if not addressed in time.

Spinal dysraphism surgeries are specialized procedures aimed at repairing these defects, preventing further nerve damage, and improving the quality of life in affected children and adults.

What Is Spinal Dysraphism?

Spinal dysraphism refers to a range of developmental spinal anomalies, which may include:

• Spina bifida occulta – hidden defect without external bulge

• Meningocele – protrusion of spinal membranes through a vertebral gap

• Myelomeningocele – spinal cord and membranes protrude through the spine (most severe form)

• Tethered cord syndrome – spinal cord is abnormally attached, causing stretching and damage

• Lipomyelomeningocele – fatty mass attached to spinal cord causing compression

These conditions can vary in severity and may affect walking, bladder/bowel control, and sensory or motor functions.

When Is Surgery Needed?

Surgery is often recommended when:

• The spinal cord is exposed or herniated (e.g., in myelomeningocele)

• There are signs of tethered cord, including worsening leg function or bladder issues

• A mass (lipoma or cyst) is compressing the spinal cord or nerves

• Neurological symptoms are worsening

• Preventive repair is required in infancy to avoid long-term complications

Goals of Spinal Dysraphism Surgery:

• Close the spinal defect and protect the exposed nervous tissue

• Prevent infection (especially in open lesions)

• Relieve tension on the spinal cord

• Preserve or improve motor and sensory function

• Stabilize neurological status and enhance development

Symptoms That May Indicate Spinal Dysraphism:

• Visible bulge or lesion on the back (in newborns)

• Weakness or stiffness in the legs

• Foot deformities or walking difficulty

• Incontinence or frequent urinary infections

• Skin changes over spine (tufts of hair, dimples, or fatty lumps)